动词不定式的用法(初中阶段动词不定式的所有用法)
1.用在感觉动词see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。如:We of...
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动词不定式的用法
1.用在感觉动词see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。如:
We often heard them sing.我们常常听到他们唱歌。
I saw her walk into the headmaster's office.我看见她走进了校长办公室。
2.用在使役动词make,let,have等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。如:
What makes you think I'm a farmer?你怎么认为我是一个农民?
Now let me hear you play.现在让我听你演奏。
I'll have my brother repair the radio for you.我要让我哥哥给你修理收音机。
注意:感觉动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,look at,listen to和使役动词let,make,have等用于被动语态时,动词不定式作为主语补足语则要带to。如:
She was heard to sing in the next room.有人听到她在隔壁房间里唱歌。
3.用在 had better,had best(最好), would rather(宁愿)等结构后,词不定式不带to。如:
I'd better go and look for him.我最好现在就去找他。
You'd best get there before lunch.你最好午饭前到达那儿。
We would rather wait till tomorrow.我们宁愿等到明天。
4.两个或两个以上句法功能相同的动词不定式并列使用时,通常只是第一个动词不定式带to,后面的动词不定式则不带to。如:
So he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough.因此他决定去买点咳嗽药。
They began to read and write.他们开始读和写。
5.用在“Will you
please+动词不定式”一类表示邀请或命令的句型中,动词不定式不带to。如:
Will you please bring me some chicken?请你给我带点鸡肉来好吗?
Will you please ask her to call me tomorrow?请你让她明天给我打个电话好吗?
6.用在由“Why…”或“Why not…”一类表示建议的句型中,动词不定式不带to。如:
Why not join us?(=Why won't you join us?)为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?
Why spend so much money?为什么花这么多钱呢?
7.用在助动词will,shall,would,do和情态动词can,may,must,need,dare等后,动词不定式不带to。如:
I can sing in English.我会用英语唱。
I think it'll fit me quite well before long.我想这(件大衣) 很快就会合身的。
Unfair!How dare you
say that?不公平!你怎么敢这么说?
注意:ought to,have to中的to不能少。dare和need用作实义动词时,它后面的动词不定式要带to。如:
The girl doesn't dare to swim in the river.这女孩不敢在河里游泳。
8.用在动词help后作为宾语补足语,动词不定式既可以带to,也可以不带to。如:
Will you help me repair my bike?请你帮我修理一下自行车好吗?
Li Ping often helps me(to)do my lessons.李平经常帮助我做功课。
9.用在do anything(nothing,everything)but或except一类结构后,动词不定式不带to。如:
Can't you do anything but ask silly questions?难道你只会提些愚蠢的问题吗?
There is nothing to do except wait until the rain stops.除了静候雨停之外别无办法
动词不定式的用法及归纳
动词不定式是一种特殊形式的动词,通常由to加上动词原形构成,用于表示目的、意愿、命令、建议等。它在英语中有多种用法和功能。
1.表示目的
动词不定式可用于表示某个动作或状态的目的或目标。例如:Iwenttothestoretobuysome groceries.(我去商店买些杂货。)在这个例句中,“tobuysomegroceries”表示了我去商店的目的。
2.作为主语
动词不定式可以作为句子的主语。例如:Tolearnaforeignlanguageischallenging.(学习一门外语是具有挑战性的。)在这个例句中,“Tolearnaforeignlanguage”作为主语起到了说明句子主题的作用。
3.作为宾语
动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语。例如:Shewantstovisithergrandparents.(她想去看望她的祖父母。)在这个例句中,“tovisithergrandparents”作为want的宾语。
4.作为介词的宾语
动词不定式也可以作为介词的宾语。例如:Heisafraidofspiders.(他害怕蜘蛛。)在这个例句中,“ofspiders”是介词“of”的宾语,并且“ofspiders”中的spiders后面可以加上动词不定式,如“ofbeingbitten”。
5.作为形容词的修饰语
动词不定式可以作为形容词的修饰语,用于描述或限定名词。例如:Shehasalotofworktodo.(她有很多工作要做。)在这个例句中,“todo”修饰了名词“work”,表示待完成的工作。
6.作为状语
动词不定式可以作为状语,用于表示目的、结果、原因、方式等。例如:Hewokeupearlyto catchthetrain.(他早起是为了赶火车。)在这个例句中,“tocatchthetrain”表示目的,说明他早起的原因。
7.作为补语
某些动词后面需要跟动词不定式作为补语来完整意义。例如:Shemadehimapologizeforhis behavior.(她让他为自己的行为道歉。)在这个例句中,“apologize”作为make的补语来说明行为。
8.被动形式
动词不定式还可以使用被动形式,即由“tobe”加上动词的过去分词构成。例如:Thecar needstoberepaired.(车子需要修理。)在这个例句中,“toberepaired”表示需要被修理的状态。
总结:
动词不定式在英语中具有多种用法和功能,包括表示目的、作为主语、宾语、介词的宾语、形容词的修饰语、状语、补语以及被动形式。掌握动词不定式的用法能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思,并丰富我们的语言表达能力。
求动词不定式的7种用法,要专业详细的哟!谢谢
一、常接不定式作宾语的动词有want,love,learn,agree,decide,hope,refuse等。例如:
I’m learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰。
[特别提醒]不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。例如:
He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现入睡很困难。
二、动词不定式常用作目的状语。例如:
He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天来给我们作了个报告。
Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的医生了。
三、tell,ask,want,order,get,wish,warn,teach,invite等动词后常跟不定式作宾语的补足语,构成tell/ ask……sb to do sth(“告诉/请……某人做某事”)结构。例如:
Could you ask him to call me,please? 请你让他给我打个电话,好吗?
[特别提醒]使役动词let,make,have等,感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,look at,listen to等,后常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位妇女路过时看到(它掉下)了。
We often heard her sing in the next room. 我们经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。
注意:在被动语态句子中,不定式前必须加to.例如:
He was made to do it. 他被迫做这件事。
She was often heard to sing in the next room. 经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。
四、不定式短语作定语要放在被修饰的词语之后。例如:
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事情要做。
五、不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式短语放在后面。例如:
It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是有益的。
六、作表语。例如:
To him,the first important thing was to save lives. 对他来说,最重要的事情就是拯救生命。
His wish is to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。
七、动词不定式用在疑问词how,when,where,what,which等之后,作宾语或宾语补足语。例如:
He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用计算机。
I don’t know where to go? 我不知道去哪里。
初中阶段动词不定式的所有用法
动词不定式
001. 不定式定义:由to+动词原形构成。
00不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
002.用途:
00在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
00动词不定式
001.定义:动词 + 不定式
002.用途:
00动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
动词不定式的时态、语态
00动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语,其形式如下:
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
(not) to make
(not) to be made
完成式
(not) to have made
(not) to have been made
进行式
(not) to be making
(not)to have been making
00(一) 语态
00如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
00It's a great honor to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语)
00It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)
00I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)
00Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)
00He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)
00在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.(We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
00(二) 时态
001) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
00He seems to know this.
00I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.0我希望再见到你。
002) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
00I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
00He seems to have caught a cold.
003) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
00He seems to be eating something.
004) 完成进行时:
00She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
疑问词+不定式结构
00疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:
00①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)
00②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)
00③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做间接宾语)
00④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)
00以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I
00could learn…
00经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, observe, understand, wonder等。
动词不定式的语法功能
00一、作主语
00动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
001、把不定式置于句首。如:
00To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
002、用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
00①It+be+名词+to do
00It's our duty to take good care of the old.
00②It takes sb + some time + to do sth
00How long did it take you to finish the work?
00③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
在此句型中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。
00④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.
在此句型中,常用brave, careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, rude,selfish,silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.
00⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
00It seemed impossible to save money.
3、注意事项:
① 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型
00②不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。
00③ 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型。
00(对)To see is to believe.0百闻不如一见。
00(错)It is to believe to see.
00二、作宾语
001、 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语
00afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到), appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend(屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish(希望)
00举例:0
00The driver failed to see the other car in time.
00司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
00I happen to know the answer to your question.
00我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
002、 动词+疑问词+ 不定式
00decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
00Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
00There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
00注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。
00The question is how to put it into practice.
00问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
003)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式。如:
00We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
00He feels it his duty to help the poor.
00I find it difficult to learn English well.
00三、作补语
001) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
00advise0allow0appoint0believe0cause0challenge0command0compel0consider0declare0drive0enable0encourage0find0forbid0force0guess0hire0imagine0impel0induce0inform0instruct0invite0judge0know0like0order0permit0persuade0remind0report0request0require0select0send0state0suppose0tell0think0train0trust0understand0urge0warn0
00例句:
00a.0Father will not allow us to play on the street.0
00父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
00b.0We believe him to be guilty.
00我们相信他是有罪的。
00Find 的特殊用法:
00Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。
00I found him lying on the ground.
00I found it important to learn.
00I found that to learn English is important.
00典型例题:
00The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead.0
00A. lying0B. lie0C. lay0D. laying0
00答案:A. find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
002) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词。
00Acknowledge,0believe,0consider,0think,0declare(声称),0discover, fancy(设想),0feel0find,0guess,0judge,0imagine,0know,0prove,0see(理解), show,0suppose,0take(以为),0understand
00We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
00我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
00典型例题
00Charles Babbage is generally considered0___ the first computer.0
00A. to invent0B. inventing0C. to have invented0D. having invented0
00答案:A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时,发明为点动词一般不用完成时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因此不选C。
003) to be +形容词
00Seem,0appear,0be said,0be supposed,0be believed,0be thought,0be known,0be reported,0hope, wish,0desire,0want,0plan,0expect,0mean…
00The book is believed to be uninteresting.
00人们认为这本书没什么意思。
004)0there be+不定式
00believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understand
00We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
00有些动词需用as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider.
00We regard Tom as our best teacher.0我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
00Mary took him as her father .0玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
00四、作表语
00不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
00①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
00②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
00③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
00当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①)。当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定 式说明主语的内容。
00④Our work is serving the people.
00⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
00⑥The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting.
00④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving the people is our work,而⑥句中是现在分词作 表语,说明主语的性质、状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。
00五、作状语
001)目的状语0
00To… only to (仅仅为了),0in order to,0so as to,0so (such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
00He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.0他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
00I come here only to say good-bye to you.0我来仅仅是向你告别。
002)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。
00What have I said to make you angry.
00He searched the room only to find nothing.
003)0表原因
00I'm glad to see you.
00典型例题
00The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.0
00A. sit0B. sit on0C. be seat0D. be sat on
00答案:B.0如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
00六、作定语
00⒈不定式作定语
00不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如:
00①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
00②Have you anything to be taken to your sister?
00③Do you have anything to say on the question?
00④Would you please give me some paper to write on?
00⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
00不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:
00(1)表示将来的动作(例①)。
00(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④)。
00(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②)。
00(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。
不定式的用法?
1、如果主语后面有助动词或情态动词,后面的动词应用原型。
例句:He doesn't like swimming.
译文:他不喜欢游泳。
语法:主语he后面跟着助动词does,所以谓语动词like必须用原型形式。
2、祈使句的开头的动词要用原型。
例句:Go and wash your hands.
译文:去洗你的手。
语法:祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。
3、to+动词,叫作动词不定式,主要是连接两个动词(因为一个句子不能有两个谓语,即两个动词,所以要用to 来连接)。
例句:I hope to see you again.
译文:我希望再见到你。
语法:这里已经有谓语动词hope,see就不能以动词形式出现,所以改成不定式to see。
不定式的解析:
动词不定式,为非谓语动词。在英语语法中,动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。
1、现在式:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。一般为:动词+ to do something。
2、完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
3、进行式:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
4、完成进行式:一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来。
动词不定式6种用法的例句
动词不定式可作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语。例句如下:
1、作主语
To?clean?the?classroom?is?our?task?this?afternoon.
To?finish?the?work?in?such?a?short?time?seems?difficult.
2.作宾语
Do?you?mind?my?sitting?here?
The?room?needs?cleaning.
3.作表语
Our?task?this?afternoon?is?to?find?more?information?on?the?Internet.
My?dream?is?to?be?a?scientist?in?the?future.
注意:不定式作主语,作表语是都是表明动作是一次性的,将来的。
4.作定语
I?have?nothing?to?do.
--Do?you?have?anything?to?be?done,sir?
--No,thank?you.I?had?my?son?do?it?this?morning.
注意:不定式作定语时要注意主动和被动的区别,如上面两个句子,如不定式的动作是主语所作要用主动式.如不定式的动作不是主语所作要用被动式,如第二个句子。
5.作状语
He?came?here?to?see?me.
I'm?glad?to?see?you.
6.作补语
He?asked?me?to?help?him?with?his?English.
Our?teacher?often?encouraged.
动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式作主语
For you, to drop out of school is a pity.
动词不定式作宾语(多数动词属于此类动词)
谓语动词+动词不定式
She wants to help Mary.
系表结构+动词不定式
I am glad to see him.
动词不定式作宾语补足语
I told him not to give up.
动词不定式作目的状语
Listen carefully so as to follow the teacher.
动词不定式表达将来
He is going to stay up late to finish my paper.
疑问句+动词不定式
含动词不定式的其他句型
too...to...
ADJ/ADV+enough to
be good enough to...
enough+N+to do...
only to do...
have only to do

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